In CNC machining, milling cutters and turning tools are two commonly used tools, each suited for different machining processes and possessing distinct advantages.

1. Definition and Working Principle

• Milling Cutters: Milling cutters are primarily used for milling operations, where the rotating tool cuts the surface of the workpiece. Milling is typically employed to process flat surfaces, grooves, contours, and other geometric shapes. Milling cutters can operate on multi-axis CNC machines, enabling complex shape processing.

• Turning Tools: Turning tools are used for turning operations, where the workpiece rotates and the tool advances to cut. Turning is generally used for processing cylindrical, conical, or other symmetrical shapes. Turning tools are usually employed on lathes.

2. Machining Methods

• Milling: In milling operations, the cutter rotates while the workpiece moves, allowing for lateral, longitudinal, and angular cutting. Milling is suitable for large flat surfaces and complex curved surfaces.

• Turning: During turning, the workpiece spins under the action of the tool. Turning primarily involves axial cutting along the workpiece, making it ideal for symmetrical shapes and round profiles.

3. Materials Processed

• Milling Cutters: These can be used on various materials, including metals, plastics, and composites. Due to their diverse shapes, milling cutters are highly adaptable to complex cutting requirements.

• Turning Tools: Typically suited for metal materials, especially those requiring higher hardness. The design of turning tools also enhances cutting efficiency.

4. Advantages Comparison

• Advantages of Milling Cutters:

  • Capable of machining complex shapes, suitable for various types of workpieces.
  • Tool replacement and sharpening are relatively straightforward.
  • Supports multiple cutting methods, increasing processing flexibility.

• Advantages of Turning Tools:

  • Higher turning speeds, suitable for mass production.
  • Longer tool life with less wear.
  • High precision and smooth surfaces when machining symmetrical shapes.

When choosing between milling cutters and turning tools, consider the machining requirements, workpiece shapes, and materials. Milling cutters excel in complex shape processing, while turning tools perform exceptionally well in symmetrical shapes and mass production.